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Test Method for Mechanical Properties of Steel

Posted: 08/15/2020 15:14:22 Hits: 21

There are several inspection methods:

Tensile test
On the tensile testing machine, the following results can be obtained by stretching the sample:

Yield point (yield strength):
Under the force of the tensile machine, the specimen is stretched. At the beginning, the elongation of the specimen is proportional to the tensile force. When the tensile force is cancelled, the specimen still shrinks to its original size. This deformation of the specimen is called elastic deformation. After the tensile force increases, the specimen continues to be stretched, but after the external force is cancelled, the specimen no longer shrinks to its original length, which is called plastic deformation. The transformation from elastic deformation point to plastic deformation is called yield point, and its representative symbol is σb, unit MPa or N/mm2.

Tensile strength:
In the above test, after the plastic deformation of the specimen, the tensile force continues to increase and the specimen is finally broken. The force at this time is called tensile strength, whose representative symbol is σb, and unit MPa or N/mm2.

Elongation rate:
In the above test, after the test is broken, the ratio of the stretched gauge length to the original gauge length is called elongation, and its representative symbol is τ, unit %.

Section shrinkage (or shrinkage):
After the above-mentioned sample is broken, measure the ratio of the section necking after breaking to the original section area, which is called the section shrinkage rate, and its representative symbol is φ, unit %.

Bending test
Bend the sample in hot or cold state, bend the steel at 90 or 120 degrees, and check the bending capacity of the steel. Different steels have different requirements for bending angle and bending diameter.

Impact test
Method for measuring toughness (or impact toughness) of steel: The sample is processed into a specified shape (there are gaps with different beginnings on the sample), and a heavy hammer swings on the testing machine to break the sample, which is called impact energy. The symbol is Akv, the unit Joule, or J.

In addition, there are also hardness test and upsetting test, ect.

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