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Storage and transportation of steel materials

Posted: 12/10/2018 16:37:35 Hits: 47

Choose the right places, warehouses
1. The places, warehouses for keeping steel materials should be cleaned, easy for drainage, away from the factories and mines that generate harmful gases or dust. Make sure to remove all the debris, weeds to keep the steel clean.
2. In the warehouse, salt, cement, and materials that can corrode steel, such as acid, alkali, should not be stacked with steel. In addition, different types of steel should be stacked separately to prevent mixing up and contact corrosion.
3. Large-size shaped steels, steel rails, thick steel plates, large-diameter steel pipes, forged pieces, etc. can be stored in the open.
4. Small and medium sized wire rods, steel bars, medium-diameter steel pipes, steel wires and steel wire ropes, etc. can be stored in an airy material shed where there are a cover on the top and cushioning materials underneath the steel materials.
5. Some small steel materials, thin steel plates, steel strips, silicon steels, small-diameter or thin-walled steel pipes, various kinds of cold-rolled and cold-drawn steels and high-priced, easy-to-corrode metal products can be stored in the warehouse.
6. Warehouses should be selected according to geographical conditions, generally are closed ones, i.e., warehouses with walls, doors, windows and ventilating units.
7. Pay attention to ventilation on sunny days, moisture-proof on rainy days, and always maintain a suitable storage environment.

Reasonable stacking
1. The principle of stacking is to ensure that different kinds of materials are stacked separately with safety so as to prevent mixing up and mutual corrosion.
2. It is forbidden to store materials that can corrode steel in the vicinity of steel materials.
3. The bottom of the bedding should be high, strong and flat to prevent the material from being damp or deformed.
4. The same kind of materials should be separately stacked according to the sequence of being storage.
5. Shaped steels that place in the open must have wooden pads or lath stones underneath and be slightly inclined to facilitate drainage, and the materials should be placed flat to prevent bending and deformation.
6. For the height of stacking, that of manual operation, mechanical operation and the width of the stack should not exceed 1.2m, 1.5m, 2.5m, respectively.
7. Between stacks, there should be a channel whose width is generally 0.5m. And the access is normally between 1.5 and 2.0m according to the size of materials and the transport machinery.
8. If the floor of the warehouse is concrete, muddy ground, the stack should be elevated 0.1m, 0.2-0.5m respectively. And for stacks in the open, elevate them 0.3-0.5m on concrete floor, 0.5-0.7m on sand and mud floor.
9. Angle steels, channel steels that store in the open should be placed in a downward position to avoid rust due to accumulated water.

Material protection
The preservative or plating and packaging provides by the steel factory before delivering are important measures to avoid corrosion of the materials, which must be with no damage during the transportation and handling process so as to extend their service life.

Keep the warehouse clean and ameliorate maintenance
1. Before storing, the materials should be protected from rain and impurities. For those that have been rained or soiled, use different cleaning methods according to their properties - High-strength materials can be cleaned by steel wire brush, while low-strength materials can be cleaned by cloth, cotton, etc.
2. The materials should be inspected frequently after storing in order to prevent rust.
3. It is not necessary to oil the surfaces of normal steel materials once they are cleaned. But for high-quality steels, alloy steel plates, thin-walled tubes, alloy steel pipes, etc., their surface should be coated with anti-rust oil after their inner and outer surfaces are cleaned.
4. For steels with severe corrosion, they should not be stored for a long time after derusting, and should be used as soon as possible.

Quality check for steel appearance
When quality checking the appearance of steel materials before storing, there are some things you must pay attention to:
1. There should be no cracks, ridges, scab, delamination and inclusions on the surface of hot rolled steel. Indentation and partial bulging, concave and pitting are allowed but their height or depth shall not exceed the relevant technical standards. Local defects are allowed to be removed but laterally eliminating is not allowed and the clear depth shall not exceed the allowable negative deviation.
2. For cold drawn steel, the surface should be clean, smooth, with no cracks, scab, inclusions, hairlines, folds and oxide scale. A small scale of scratches, tension fracture, blackspot, concave surfaces, pitting, their depth should not be bigger than the allowable deviation.
3. The surface of shaped steels should be smooth and tidy, and the roundness, width, height, thickness, length, torsion, slope, buckling, bending and unevenness should not exceed the standards.
4. Shaped steels should be straightened, and steel plate should be leveled. In addition to the above requirements, the rail end and the surface of bolt hole of steel rail should not have shrinkage cavities, delamination and cracks, and both ends should be milled.
5. The wall thickness, surface roughness, ridge and unevenness of steel pipes shall comply with technical standards. The threads of threaded steel pipes, galvanized steel pipes should be oiled and have a protecting ring.
6. The galvanized layer of galvanized steel plates and pipes should not have defects such as cracks, delamination and zinc leaking.

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